---
title: "Facets and a Lesson in Humility"
subtitle: |
  A look at Tableau for Healthcare Chapter 8.  Table Lens graph.
date: 01-29-2020

---

Todays post is a lesson in Facets, as well as humility.  The task this week was to replicate the graph in Chapter 8 of Tableau for Healthcare in R.  The graph in question is called a Table Lens (This is the name the book uses, however I did have trouble finding this name in Google searches), it is a collection of charts with a common theme, this time looking at countries in various WHO regions and some statistics associated with mortality as well as health expenditure.  I say this is a lesson in humiltiy as I have read through the excellent book [R for Data Science](https://r4ds.had.co.nz/), and yet the idea of faceting a ggplot graph slipped my mind.  This ended with hours of trying to find a package in R to line up graphs, and way more time then I care to admit spent on getting things prefect.  I did find such a package called cowplots, which can be found [here](https://wilkelab.org/cowplot/index.html). While this is an excellent package, its use was unecessary and I reverted back to using the excellent facet feature of GGplot, which can be seen below! ![](WHO_LIFE.png)

# Load Libraries

```{r}
library(magrittr) #pipes
library(ggplot2) #ploting 
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)

```

# Import Data

```{r}
ds <- readxl::read_xlsx(path = "../2020-01-04_my-start-to-r/Tableau 10 Training Practice Data.xlsx"
                        ,sheet = "03 - WHO Life Expect & Mort"
                        )
```


# Clean Names and Transform

```{r}
varnames <-  c("who_region", "country", "year" , "sex" , "life_expect_birth" , "neo_mort"
               ,"under_five_mort" , "health_expenditure")
names(ds) <- varnames

# Order Countries based on Life Expectancy at Birth

ds$country <- factor(ds$country, levels = ds$country[order(ds$life_expect_birth)]) 

#To "Long" Form

ds1 <-  ds %>% pivot_longer(5:8)#select columns 5 throuh 8, leave new columns at default names

# Set up labels for Facet, as well as function for Facet Labeller

facet_labels <-  list(
"life_expect_birth"   = "Life Expectancy at Birth "                            
,"neo_mort"           = "Neonatal Mortality Rate"             
,"under_five_mort"    = "Under-Five Mortality Rate"
,"health_expenditure" = "Health Expenditure per Capita (US$)"  )

variable_labeller <- function(variable,value){
  return(facet_labels[value])
}


```


# Graphs

```{r fig.height=7, fig.width=12}

hightlight_countries <- (c("Mauritania", "South Africa")) 

g1 <-  ds1 %>% filter(who_region == "Africa") %>% 
  mutate(name = factor(name, levels = c("life_expect_birth" , "neo_mort"
               ,"under_five_mort" , "health_expenditure"))
         ,highlight = country %in% hightlight_countries) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = country, y = value, fill = highlight)) +
  geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(
    title = "World Bank Life Expectancy, Neonatal & Under-Five Mortality Rates, and Health Expenditure Analysis"
    ,x  = NULL
    ,y = NULL
  ) +
  facet_grid(~name, scales = "free_x",labeller = variable_labeller) +
  theme_bw() +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(value, 0)), hjust = 0) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = expand_scale(mult = c(0,0.2))) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("TRUE" = "#fc8d59", "FALSE" = "#2b83ba"))
g1
```